Paper Title
USE OF NANOFLUIDS FOR EXCHANGING HEAT IN SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS: A REVIEW

Abstract
This systematic study examines the use of nanofluids in shell and tube heat exchangers, focusing on their impact on heat transfer performance, pressure drop, and overall system efficiency. Nanofluids, which are suspensions of nanoparticles such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CuO, and graphene in base fluids, have shown to significantly enhance thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer rates compared to conventional fluids. The paper explores how various factors, including nanoparticle size, shape, concentration, and flow conditions, affect heat transfer rates, friction factors, and heat exchanger effectiveness. Although nanofluids offer considerable improvements in heat transfer, they also present challenges, such as increased viscosity and higher pressure drops. Economic evaluations suggest that nanofluids could lead to cost savings in applications like Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems and Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). However, concerns regarding the stability, dispersion, and long-term reliability of nanofluids are also discussed. This review summarizes the latest advances and ongoing challenges in the use of nanofluids for improving heat exchanger performance. Keywords - Nanofluids, Nanoparticle Size, Friction Factor, Dispersion Stability, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), Combined Heat and Power (CHP).