Paper Title
Harnessing Renewable Energy for Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: A Review of Energy Harvesting Approaches and Applications

Abstract
Electricity serves as a fundamental energy resource, indispensable for modern life and global development. With the rapid growth in population and industrialization, the demand for electricity continues to rise exponentially, emphasizing the need for sustainable energy conservation and regeneration methods. This review explores an innovative approach to kinetic energy harvesting, utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) systems to convert mechanical pressure, such as from walking or vehicular movement, into electrical energy using piezoelectric sensors. The concept of piezoelectricity, while well-established, is leveraged here in a novel manner through the integration of specialized circuitry to enhance power output and energy efficiency. Piezoelectric sensors inherently produce unregulated DC voltage when subjected to mechanical stress, which is further processed by custom circuits for stabilization and stored in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. This system demonstrates the potential to transform everyday human and vehicular activity into a reliable and renewable energy source. The reviewed approach holds promise for widespread adoption in crowded areas and urban environments, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional energy sources. Additionally, the integration of kinetic energy harvesting with IoT technology enables efficient energy management and real-time monitoring, making it particularly relevant for applications in smart cities. This paper examines the role of such systems in reducing dependence on conventional power Sources while contributing to eco-friendly and energy-efficient infrastructure. Keywords - Kinetic Energy Harvesting (KEH), Internet of Things (IoT), Sustainable Energy Management, Energy Harvesting Technologies, Self-Sustaining Systems.