Paper Title
Estuarine Mangroves and off shore Biodiversity Degraded by Trawl Seeking Conservation

Abstract
Hooghly estuarine mouth and Bay of Bengal offshore in West Bengal develops huge phyto-planktons reserve serving as the broad baseline of Largest Mangrove Food Web, ‘Sundarbans’ (World Heritage Site, 1989) exhibiting numerous marine species in all the higher trophic levels. Non-selective trawl nets dragged through ocean bottom scoops out sea-floor biodiversity destroying under-sea habitat of baseline species of the Food Web. Additionally, massive estuarine mangroves destruction and heavy metal pollution in estuarine trawl resting spots also triggered severe survival crisis for all apex species. Continuous trawling mortality also due to heavy metal pollution in deep sea trawling fields started collapsing the marine food pyramid, endangering the top consumers and worse affecting even the coastal humans. Tajpur-Shankarpur-Digha-Petua fishing zone proved biodiversity richness inversely related to offshore distance, resulting in decreasing marine biodiversity loss with increasing depth and starting distance of trawling. So shallower continental shelf with maximum benthic nutrients shows higher trawl mortality indicating higher biodiversity loss. Ultimate huge mangroves loss, absence of prawn seedlings, sea conches and finally, extinction of bio-species are evidenced. Additionally, trawl induced chemical deterioration of water and soil accelerates mangroves loss and offshore faunal species loss resulting in species extinction like ChandanaHilsa. Suggested conservation strategy highlights mangroves restoration andTrammel net application for poorer selectivity with minimum sea floor abrasion keeping intact undersea baseline marine biodiversity. Keywords - Significance of Sundarbans Mangrove Food Web; Estuarine degradation and Mangroves loss; Offshore biodiversity loss causing bio-species extinction; Estuarine mangroves restoration; Offshore biodiversity conservation withTrammel net.