Paper Title
A Comprehensive Study: Manets and Vanets Characteristics, Applications, Challenges and Attacks

Abstract
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is one of the most promising areas for wireless network research and development. As mobile devices and wireless networks have grown in popularity in recent years, wireless ad-hoc networks have appeared as one of the most vibrant and active fields of communication and networks. Since there is no trusted centralized authority, MANETs are more vulnerable to various types of security attacks. Attacks can originate both within and outside of the network. In recent decades, the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) which is a subset of MANET has emerged as one of the most popular areas of research. Vehicles are connected to other vehicles (V2V) or with the roadside infrastructure (V2I) in ad hoc manner through a wireless environment known as VANET. It is extremely difficult to secure a VANET due to frequent changes in topological structure. In this paper, various aspects of MANETs and VANETs are explored in depth, including their characteristics, emerging applications, challenges, and various types of attacks. Keywords - MANETs, VANETs, V2V, V2I, OBU, RSU, TA, AU, Characteristics, Applications, Challenges, Security Attacks