Paper Title
Review - Characteristics and Treatment of Paper Mill Discharging of Effluents

Abstract
The pulp and paper industry has long been considered a large consumer of natural resources (wood and water) and one of the largest sources of pollution to the environment (air, water courses and soil). Important efforts are being made to reduce the pollutant levels and water consumption of the industry. The wastewater composition, and therefore, the efficiency of effluent treatments and characteristics of the discharges to water are strongly dependent on the applied technology and raw materials. Despite a large body of literature on softwood-based wastewater, few studies have examined the characteristics of kraft eucalyptus bleaching effluents and their behaviour in the different biological treatments. Pulp and paper mills generate a lot amount of wastewater depending on the type of processes which are being used in the plant whose unsafe disposal is very hazardous to environment and human health. This wastewater needs to be treated properly prior to release into environment. In view of the fact there has been substantial research and development worldwide concerning wastewater treatment thereby limiting the discharge of pollutants to receiving environment. The present review covers a variety of wastewater treatment methods and research carried out on removal of various toxic pollutants so as to limit the release of pollutant load. Various treatment processes for pulp and paper industrial effluents, including aerobic, anaerobic, photo-catalysis, electrochemical, coagulation–flocculation and adsorption treatment processes have been presented. However, supplementary treatments including advanced oxidation processes, biological treatments, membrane filtration, etc. are needed to eliminate higher levels of pollutant. In order to reduce the use of freshwater, recycling and reuse of the properly treated wastewater has been emphasized. An effective treatment system needs to integrate a series of physicochemical, biological, and hybrid treatment processes. Keywords - Paper Industry, Wastewater Treatment, Chemical Treatment, Biological Treatment